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-[Music]
-this is not only a South birthday card
-but also a sound thank you card for
-being one of our elders and for having
-voice of clarity and incisiveness I mean
-sometimes a very consuming map of ideas
-put by different systems as they crank
-their power your writers have been
-refreshing uplifting and humanistic
-there's helping us in what some call the
-cooking of the soul a few more knots
-trapped if you like as a very small
-dusting of Earth
-[Music]
-so for me the most important scientific
-contribution that noam chomsky is made
-over his career is just the idea that
-syntax exists that can't be reduced to
-probabilities and it can't be reduced
-meaning when I was 16 I won some kind of
-a prize at school and with the prize
-money I bought this very copy of
-syntactic structures I didn't really
-understand much of it but actually the
-basic core idea I just mentioned has
-stayed with me and it's formed the
-foundation of my intellectual career
-ever since so thank you for that idea
-Noam and happy birthday
-among them see numerable contributions
-that would certainly count the fact that
-language is a human cognitive capacity
-and not just a cultural object
-the fact that the organization of syntax
-is ironical and not linear if a third
-language is fairy but their variation is
-much more limited than meets the eye
-we're talking quit Nam I always had a
-very very special feeling of being able
-to look beyond once talking with Maurey
-salad
-I discovered that I share that very
-rewarding to me this is Tom ever there
-are three important aspects of found
-Noam has made continual revolutionary
-contributions to the language and
-cognitive sciences contributions that
-radiates to many other sciences first he
-has a deep analytic capacity to explore
-the unconscious sources of what is
-conscious knowledge second he doggedly
-builds models of the structure of those
-processes changing his mind over time
-searching for the simplest description
-of the essence of language making it
-possible to suggest why language is the
-way it is finally he has the gift of
-clarity of expression making very clear
-the structure of complex investigations
-and ideas Noam Chomsky will always be
-known for his work in linguistics
-however Chomsky's most significant
-contributions to science include
-explaining and exemplifying how science
-and philosophy
-together science and philosophy are
-distinct yet inextricably interconnected
-each with characteristic roles questions
-and methods this picture is perceivable
-in immanuel kant's prolegomena
-that is philosophy acts as a rudder that
-steers the sciences so is employing one
-of the alternatives about the other a
-good bet thank you and happy birthday no
-best wishes to you for this very special
-birthday
-and let me add how grateful all of us
-are to you for setting for the first
-time ever the study of language on a
-scientific base bye bye see you language
-defines us but we didn't know how much
-we know about language until Noam
-Chomsky woke us up discovering and
-making us discover the beauty of the
-little details of how language works
-Noam is also a magnificent example that
-science and political intervention are
-not separate world's healthy democracies
-need critical thinking and knowledge
-thank you known for all the wake-up
-calls
-nobody's perfect
-and we would like to thank you very much
-for all you do
-in particular I feel like I want to
-thank you for your message about the
-responsibility towards the intellectuals
-and towards science not just that you
-are yourself an intellectual but that
-you fight for the freedom in research
-and for the freedom of scientists that's
-very valuable and we also would like to
-thank you for setting a model of
-responsibility at the kind of micro
-level so not of just being very
-courageous in the outside world but also
-doing seemingly simple things like
-answering emails by whoever is afar you
-have answered my emails sometimes if
-answers my students
-sometimes and I think when I get emails
-from people fellow citizens asking me
-something many people would say well I'm
-not going to answer this again I try to
-follow your model but I'm sure you get
-100,000 times more emails and questions
-and all kinds of requests than me I
-don't know how you do it but this is
-very inspiring so happy birthday well
-comply and no Deepika figured Osman
-realmente famosos se puede fumar
-tambien Kayne cambiado nuestra visioned
-la realidad como que nos dijo a CC blows
-que la tierra no Arup Lana Chomsky es
-una de estas figure --is super insane en
-toda linguistically philosophic oh do
-heroes estancia's Alice to do de
-lenguaje al situational Tirreno del
-explication scientifica de la mente
-umana
-las Ciencias humanas modernist le Devin
-una commotion intellectual simper and
-goal
-felicidades professor Chomsky is a
-greeting from Universidad Nacional ,
-we're here in Patagonia Argentina we
-really want to thank you professor
-Chomsky for your contributions and
-inspiration in our graduate program in
-linguistics so on behalf of all our
-colleagues here in Patagonia we really
-want to wish you a happy birthday you
-professor Chomsky it is my pleasure to
-wish you a happy birthday
-both your linguistic and political work
-have inspired me for years now we have
-proven that all human beings share the
-most sophisticated way of cognition
-language this is the best argument I've
-ever heard of for equality you have made
-among others my career meaningful I
-respect you and I respect your work
-deeply thank you know
-felicidades not Chomsky's twin greatest
-legacies are first he began to explain
-to us nature's greatest tool for
-connecting the mind with the world that
-is
-a human language and second he began to
-explain to us nature's great tool for
-deciphering these systems you know the
-guises they take in the natural
-languages of the world that is the human
-infant and for these two reasons
-I take Chomsky as the greatest living
-psychologist of language and therefore
-the greatest linguist of our era so
-happy birthday Noam Chomsky carbonatites
-nice to eat as hygienic on camera
-okay Ning and Legolas then cognitively
-re ki-moon thank you a massage good
-ohana common among there oh thank you
-you can go go you own Erica today
-can't you stick it up Thibodeaux she's
-got a debate about this again what can
-old Kentucky I get those like us so
-Chomsky's greatest contribution to
-science you mean besides inventing
-modern linguistics and leading the
-charge against behaviorism well-posed
-Ides these two small achievements his
-greatest contribution in my opinion has
-been rejecting methodological dualism
-and arguing that empirical and
-theoretical work in the mental sciences
-should be judged by the very same
-criteria as work in the physical
-sciences Chomsky has powerfully made
-this obvious point for over 60 years
-but sadly it is still can they do you
-know any games so scared Ganga cool oh
-my son Ahmad Shah mosquito is I know to
-me the most important contribution of
-your work to science is the change that
-it made and how we saw language itself
-my own background was social
-anthropology which long did lie
-language is an aspect of culture human
-invention like tool-making or
-agriculture you along with Lana Berg and
-Holly changed all that you brought us to
-see language as a part of the natural
-world and with that shift everything
-shifted with it
-language learning became language
-ontogeny language typology became
-comparative anatomy language history
-became language evolution and language
-disappearance became language extinction
-linguistics lives in a new world now and
-we have you to thank for it so happy
-birthday and Mazel Tov hi this is Howard
-last me know I know how you hate anyone
-to make any kind of personal fuss about
-you but it's your 90th that's a biggie
-you're gonna have to grin and bear at
-this done it has to comment on Noam
-Chomsky's contributions to science the
-biggie is that he contributed the
-linguistics to science he showed how
-observable phenomena and language are
-just a faint hint of what's really going
-on beneath the surface the principal
-explanatory theories can and must be
-developed based on unobservable as in
-other Natural Sciences underlying versus
-superficial structure mental
-computations relating these etc he
-taught us to question the obvious and
-his famous exchange with Hilary Putnam
-at the 1975 Vermont event Putnam
-rejected gnomes innate in this argument
-based on structure dependence claiming
-that no sane person ever has or ever
-would put forth an on structure
-dependent version of question formation
-based just on strings of words rather
-than structured strings gnomes response
-was that is quite true but exactly what
-we want to explain words to live by when
-I was a student I told my friends I was
-interested in the thought of Noam
-Chomsky and I remember that they asked
-me which one of the two the linguist or
-the activist after I met him I realized
-that there was not two Chomsky's but
-three and the third Chomsky is the one
-who cares for each and every student's
-treating them as peers and tried to do
-his best for them to reach their goals
-and their dreams in the intellectual
-words of linguistics
-Kankuro so naughty Hajime toaster King
-Kyoto so I can pick their cuts cook so
-soon again denis leary luminousness
-dango aqua can watch a skill Kang tae
-Joon she must na kehna wakamatsu-kun wha
-- masking application of a tater eonni
-he was a cadet on a solution in
-tyrannical tango Chi skinny three toes
-it's made it all coach the katana re
-must understand the thinkin you can walk
-away cocked or second bow to me panelist
-I first met through salvador luria
-nobel prize one of the founders of
-modern biology at the MIT who was at the
-time sharing with known a group of
-linguists and biologists I was at the
-time and biophysicist and molecular
-biologist working at the institut
-pasteur under the guidance of another
-Nobel Prize Jack Malone
-who was a great friend and great admirer
-of Laurium so learning from Lorien that
-he was a great friend and great admired
-of Nam Chomsky I was intrigued
-during the Raymond debate that I had the
-privilege of organizing the debate
-between norm Chomsky and Jean Piaget
-I was impressed by the rigor of norms
-arguments and I was captured by
-generative grammar there and then and
-ever since
-Lauria wisely said that the best way to
-characterize a scientific domain is to
-look at the ten top experiments in the
-field I think this applies to generative
-grammar as well it would be an
-interesting challenge for us to isolate
-and determine which are the ten
-fundamental sentences or sentence pairs
-that have shaped generative grammar all
-the way from colorless green ideas sleep
-furiously
-- which of his picture did they persuade
-the museum that every painter knives
-best finding an agreeing on these ten
-sentences would be I think a very good
-way to wish know a very happy 90th
-birthday no George right here although
-you and I have had our differences over
-the years I hope you realize there is
-nothing compared to the great admiration
-I have for your work with scientific and
-political your ideas about the structure
-of the minds you need the best anyone's
-ever had and your political commentaries
-are well certainly more serious northern
-forum to the standard fair
-happy birthday and many happy returns
-one outstanding achievement has been the
-shift of focus from product of latter's
-behavior to the study of a specific
-cognitive system underlying their
-behavior from the early days of the
-jitter of enterprise transformational
-rules were viewed as a necessary
-complication to enema crystal chills one
-important recent result therefore is the
-grand unification of decimation of
-displacement with three structural
-continuity under a single common
-attorney operation just summation
-features turn out to be the NMR case of
-this unification it follows that no
-language can be human language that is
-not transformation there's a lot of
-techno before congratulations and a
-happy birthday to you it is true that
-the weekend Stein managed to lecture
-about what philosophy is in three
-minutes but I think that characterizing
-norms contributions in a few seconds is
-even harder so I will not even try let
-me just say that after many many
-appointments that I was lucky enough to
-have over the years with norm and going
-back home full of enthusiasm about the
-new ideas that the marriage then that we
-had discussed together
-my thoughts naturally went to the
-contemporaries of the founding father
-of modern science and those who have the
-opportunity to discuss with Galileo or
-with Newton with Darwin and I saw that I
-was lucky I thought that my generation
-is lucky and many many generations have
-are lucky to have the opportunity to
-discuss with know about language and
-mind so we should all be grateful to
-norm for offering us this extraordinary
-opportunity of thinking about language
-and about mind in a completely new way
-so happy birthday norm and thank you
-Noam Chomsky has given us a new way of
-thinking about language a human mind
-language acquisition and so many other
-things which are absolutely vital to our
-understanding of ourselves as human
-beings I believe that he is truly giving
-us a novel way of understanding the
-nature of human nature the nature of
-ourselves
-I know happy 90th birthday Wow
-what one individual could do in 90 years
-really change the course of a discipline
-in fact many many disciplines is just
-simply amazing
-I couldn't resist coming to your old
-stomping grounds as you can see behind
-me I'm in town as I usually end this
-time of year for the BU CLD conference
-they asked us to mention your most
-important contribution at least in our
-view and there are so many to choose
-from it's it seems an impossible task to
-mention just one so let me be very
-abstract about it which is what I want
-to thank you for the overarching view
-that you've given us a program that
-you've given us to think abstract ly
-about language to add scientific inquiry
-and scientific methodology into language
-- to have straightaway at the time or to
-rebuked the the then-current idea of
-what was taken as a truth about language
-about the mind in general
-thank you for challenging us to think
-abstract ly thank you for challenging us
-to move the study of linguistics into
-the modern age of science and to in
-doing so understand its characteristics
-happy birthday
-Thanks gnomes important contribution is
-science follows from his contribution to
-linguistics Noah's major impact in the
-field of linguistics came from
-championing formal mathematical grammars
-as a characterization of a speaker's
-unconscious knowledge this approach
-spread quickly to other disciplines and
-allows possibility of cooperation and
-integration between disciplines we're
-still seeing this unfold both in
-research that takes a critical view of
-gnomes work as well as research that
-supports particular aspects of his
-claims this is no one say is to be
-expected he's always claimed that you
-need to be wary of your assumptions when
-creating a model consider the
-mathematical consequences these can
-guide you to new observations are
-convince you to change course when I
-arrived at MIT as a student I was told
-if you believe anything we teach you
-here it's your own fault Chomsky has
-shown us that there's really only one
-human language the bewildering
-complexity of the wilds of linguistic
-riches simply illustrates variation on a
-single theme he's used this insight to
-cause further light on the nature of the
-human mind from modularity to innate
-Ness and he's done this while diverting
-equal amount of time to relentless
-descent providing us with a means of
-intellectual self defense against all
-forms of authority
-thanks now Kara professor Chomsky Samuel
-ranitidine II in academia
-the rest had you tested volume of Varla
-in a thermal area by element is no
-complain no semi contained TD patella
-BRE questo video per kg per minute
-during a table Paris any internal
-suspense of milling whistie
-SUNY political mean freedom of judgment
-sued annoying
-Russian TV cheetah case approach Oh a
-data loss to the della lingua la
-capacitance Escriva ray
-more Socrates or phenomena Medici Ella
-possibility' accompany me to the command
-uncle Illingworth two diverse gratzi
-professor Chomsky Abraham no no I'm
-emphasized Plato's problem how come we
-know so much with so little evidence he
-also emphasized Orwell's problem how
-come there being so much evidence around
-us we have a hard time reaching somewhat
-obvious conclusions and to me the
-biggest contribution was how he
-emphasized the connection between the
-two are we going to be able to ever
-address Plato's problem if we don't
-provide a solution to our walls I don't
-know the answer but that's where the
-torch is and came from norm we're going
-to try to pass it on I submit that dope
-Chomsky's greatest contribution to
-science is in fact in the making quite
-literally
-at present he and I and my colleagues
-are working to encode the principles and
-procedures of generative grammar into an
-artificial intelligence so as to create
-artificial general intelligence indeed
-Chomsky and I argue that human style
-general intelligence emerges from
-language so if we succeed in creating
-artificial general intelligence it would
-be the most important event in the
-history of the world possibly the
-universe duuude professor Chomsky it is
-my pleasure to wish you a happy birthday
-both your linguistic and political work
-have inspired me for years now we have
-proven that all human beings share the
-most sophisticated way of cognition
-language this is the best argument I've
-ever heard of for equality you have made
-among others my career meaningful I
-respect you and I respect your work
-Wheatley Thank You Noah
-felicidades know what is language how
-can it be described how is it possible
-to understand this human specific trait
-most important contribution
-Noam Chomsky to science as in to show
-that the syntax of language any language
-of the world can be described in term of
-a simple binary and recursive operation
-that applies to syntactic constituent
-combines them and displace them from his
-earlier work in material formal grammar
-and the autonomy of syntax to his
-current work in minimalism Noam Chomsky
-has developed a research program on
-language science the free search program
-enables the discovery of our innate
-knowledge of language it enables the
-formulation of testable hypothesis and
-prediction about the property of human
-language it also enabled research on
-language acquisition language variation
-and also so lead to the understanding of
-language as a product of human biology
-that is as a product of the human
-computational brain happy 90th
-anniversary No
-you
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